SSC CGL 2017 · 2017-08-23 · Shift 2

The pattern shifts each letter forward by +7 positions: H(8)+7=O(15), I(9)+7=P(16), J(10)+7=Q(17). Applying +7 to STU with alphabet wrap-around: S(19)+7=Z(26); T(20)+7=27−26=A(1); U(21)+7=28−26=B(2). Hence STU → ZAB.

Check whether each number is a perfect square: \(100=10^2\), \(400=20^2\), \(900=30^2\) — all perfect squares. But \(\sqrt{800}=20\sqrt{2}\), which is not an integer. Hence 800 is the odd one out.

The relationship is male animal : female animal of the same species. A Lion (male big cat) corresponds to Lioness (female big cat). A Bull is a male bovine, whose female counterpart is a Cow. 'Calf' is the young (not female adult); 'Animal' and 'Dog' don't fit the gender pairing.

The rule is: result = (sum of digits of first number) − (sum of digits of second number). Check: 29$14 → (2+9)−(1+4) = 11−5 = 6. ✓ 37$25 → (3+7)−(2+5) = 10−7 = 3. ✓ Apply to 84$62: (8+4)−(6+2) = 12−8 = 4.

The pattern is three consecutive letters in reverse alphabetical order: EDC (E→D→C), IHG (I→H→G), QPO (Q→P→O) — each step is −1. But LKM goes L→K (−1) then K→M (+2), breaking the rule. Hence LKM is the odd one out.

Carrot, Radish and Beet are all root vegetables (edible taproots that grow underground). Brinjal is the fruit of the eggplant, growing above ground on a stem. Hence Brinjal is the odd one out.

Check each option against subset sums of {100, 90, 80, 40}: \(310 = 100+90+80+40\), \(230 = 100+90+40\), \(210 = 90+80+40\). No subset sums to 200 (closest sums are 190 and 210). Hence 200 kg is impossible.

The relation in the known pair is \(90 + 11 = 101\). Applying the same rule to 99: \(99 + 11 = 110\). Hence the answer is 110.

Here square shape cube is opposite to dotted shape cube. Line check cube is opposite to circle shape cube. The Hexagon shape cube is opposite to cross cube. As we know the figure opposite to any shown figure can’t be on the adjacent face. As, the dotted shape cube can’t be on the adjacent face with square shape cube. Therefore, the figure in option 1 cannot be made based on the unfolded cube given in question.

From Statement 2, some clocks are alarms; from Statement 1, all clocks are watches. So the clocks that are alarms must also be watches, giving Some alarms are watches (Conclusion I follows). Statement 1 says all clocks are watches, but not the reverse; some watches may not be clocks, let alone alarms. Conclusion II does not follow. Hence only Conclusion I follows.

Take the first letters of the words: N, U, M, S, T. These spell the starts of NUMBER, NUMBER, NUMBER (first three letters of NUMBER), then SIX, TEN. Continuing the count of number-names, the next is TWELVE (or TWENTY) — starting with T. Among the options, only Terminal begins with T.

Clearly, fig.2 will complete the pattern when placed in the blank space of question figure as shown below: Thus, figure 2 is the correct answer.

Refer the diagram shown below: Clearly, the set of letters F and G represents yoga practitioners who are neither geneticists nor fathers.

Each term is the previous multiplied by \(-2\): \(-7.5 \times -2 = 15\), \(15 \times -2 = -30\), \(-30 \times -2 = 60\). So the missing term is \(60 \times -2 = -120\), and check: \(-120 \times -2 = 240\). Hence -120.

Each block is three consecutive letters. The gap between the last letter of one block and the first letter of the next grows by 1: C→D (+1), F→H (+2), J→M (+3), O→S (+4). From U the next gap is +5, giving Z. The next block starts at Z and continues A, B (wrapping). Hence ZAB.

On close observation, we find that question figure is embedded in fig.2, as shown below: Thus, figure 2 is the correct answer.

Substitute per the code: \(+\to\times\), \(-\to+\), \(\times\to\div\), \(\div\to-\). The expression \(642 \times 6 \div 25 + 4\) becomes \(642 \div 6 - 25 \times 4\). By BODMAS: \(642 \div 6 = 107\), \(25 \times 4 = 100\), so \(107 - 100 = 7\). Hence 7.

Letters in MOTLIEST: M, O, T, T, L, I, E, S — note there is no N. SMITE, TILES and EMITS use only letters from this set, but MINES needs an N, which is unavailable. Hence MINES cannot be formed.

Clearly, when paper sheet is folded and punched, it will appear as shown below: Hence, correct answer is option 4.

Clearly, fig.4 shows the correct right image of question figure. Hence, figure 4 is the correct answer.

Track north/east displacements. Northward: \(21 + 10 = 31\) km. Eastward: 7 km west then a right turn from north (east) for 7 km, so \(-7 + 7 = 0\) km. Net displacement is 31 km north of the start. Hence 31 km North.

Count days from 2 April to 28 October: \(28(\text{Apr}) + 31 + 30 + 31 + 31 + 30 + 28 = 209\) days. \(209 \div 7 = 29\) remainder \(6\), so 6 odd days. Sunday + 6 days = Saturday.

Decode each pair using the matrices. Option 1: 95 → Matrix-II row 9 col 5 = S; 23 → Matrix-I row 2 col 3 = E; 24 → Matrix-I row 2 col 4 = L; 41 → Matrix-I row 4 col 1 = F. This spells SELF. Other options fail at the first code (44→D, 04→C, 24→L). Hence 95, 23, 24, 41.

For each row the last number equals \((\text{first} + \text{second}) \times \text{third}\). Row 1: \((3+4)\times 2 = 14\). Row 2: \((6+5)\times 4 = 44\). Row 3: \((5+2)\times 7 = 49\). Hence 49.

Each letter of CROWNED is shifted 2 places back: C→A, R→P, O→M, W→U, N→L, E→C, D→B. Apply the same shift to TAP: T→R, A→Y (wrap from A), P→N. Hence RYN.

The Seventh Schedule divides legislative subjects into the Union, State and Concurrent Lists. Bankruptcy and insolvency appears as Entry 9 of the Concurrent List (List III), so both Parliament and State Legislatures can legislate on it. It is not in the Union or State List, and "Global" is not a list under the Schedule.

Earth's interior consists of the crust, mantle, and core. The core extends from a depth of about 2,900 km to Earth's centre (total radius ~6,371 km), giving the core a radius of roughly 3,485 km. Among the options, 3,500 km is the closest match. Values 6,500 km and 9,500 km exceed Earth's own radius, and 500 km corresponds only to a fraction of the inner core.

Japan and Russia have still not concluded a formal post-WWII peace treaty because of the unresolved sovereignty dispute over the Kuril Islands (Japan's Northern Territories: Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group), occupied by the USSR in August 1945. The USSR did not sign the 1951 San Francisco Treaty, and subsequent negotiations have failed to resolve the dispute.

Nepal shares its border with five Indian states: Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim. Haryana lies further west, surrounded by Punjab, Rajasthan, UP, Himachal Pradesh, and Delhi, and does not touch Nepal at any point. Hence the state not sharing a border with Nepal is Haryana.

Statement 1: 'Open' (2009) is indeed Andre Agassi's autobiography — correct. Statement 2: 'India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium' was co-authored by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and Y.S. Rajan — correct. Statement 3: 'A Foreign Policy for India' was written by I.K. Gujral, not L.K. Advani (whose autobiography is 'My Country My Life') — incorrect. Only statement 3 is wrong, so the answer is 3.

Soil forms from weathering of the underlying rock. The parent rock supplies the original mineral grains, and through that determines the soil's colour (mineral pigments such as iron oxides), texture (particle size from rock breakdown), chemical properties, mineral content, and permeability (linked to texture). Climate, time, and flora & fauna modify the soil afterwards but do not originate these intrinsic properties.

Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) live on land but their male gametes are motile and must swim through a film of water to fertilise the egg. This dual dependence on land and water mirrors amphibians like frogs, so bryophytes are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Any inherited morphological, physiological, or behavioural trait that improves an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing in its habitat is called an adaptation (e.g., camouflage, antifreeze proteins, hibernation). Migration is a specific behaviour; conformation and regulation are particular physiological strategies for handling environmental change, not the general term.

Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey of the 1/11 Gorkha Rifles led assaults on enemy positions in the Batalik sector, capturing Khalid and Khalubar peaks before being killed in action on 3 July 1999. He was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra for valour during the Kargil War of 1999.

The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA), launched in 2016, provides free antenatal checkups to pregnant women on the 9th of every month at government health facilities, focusing on detection of high-risk pregnancies. Ujjwala Yojana supplies LPG connections, Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday targets rural development, and Vidyanjali concerns school volunteering.

'Young Girls' (1932) is a celebrated painting by Amrita Sher-Gil, completed in Paris and awarded a gold medal by the Grand Salon. It marked her turn toward Indian themes and is one of her best-known works. M.F. Hussain, F.N. Souza, and Jamini Roy are associated with different signature works (horses, expressionist nudes, and Kalighat-style folk paintings respectively).

In monopolistic competition, firms sell differentiated products and face a downward-sloping demand curve. Profit-maximisation occurs where \(MR = MC\), but since the demand curve slopes downward, \(P > MR = MC\). Compared with perfect competition (where \(P = MC\)), the short-run equilibrium therefore gives a higher price and lower output.

A rolling ball is slowed by friction — specifically rolling friction between the ball's surface and the ground — which acts opposite to its motion and converts kinetic energy into heat until the ball stops. Magnetic and electrostatic forces require charged or magnetic materials; muscular force may launch the ball but does not stop it once rolling freely.

The normal is the imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the surface at the point where light strikes it. By convention, the angle of incidence is measured between the incident ray and this normal, not the surface itself. The laws of reflection and Snell's law are also stated with respect to the normal, confirming it as the reference line.

The Rowlatt Act (Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, 1919) allowed detention without trial and curbed civil liberties. Gandhi called for a nationwide Satyagraha starting with a hartal on 6 April 1919; the agitation culminated tragically in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on 13 April 1919. The Simon Commission (1927) and Salt March (1930) came later; Pitt's India Act (1784) is far earlier.

Habeas Corpus (Latin: 'you may have the body') orders the authority detaining a person to produce them before the court so that the legality of the detention can be examined; if found unlawful, the court orders release. Mandamus commands performance of a public duty, Prohibition restrains a lower court from exceeding jurisdiction, and Quo Warranto challenges the holder of a public office.

The melting point of ice at standard atmospheric pressure is \(0^\circ C\). Converting to Kelvin using \(T_K = T_C + 273.15\) gives 273.15 K. Among the options, 273.16 K is the closest value, which also corresponds to the triple point of water on the Kelvin scale.

Stainless steel is an iron-based alloy containing carbon and at least 10.5% chromium, along with nickel and manganese in many grades. The chromium forms a passive oxide layer that resists rusting. Ship is an object, rust is iron oxide (corrosion product), and ozone is a gas (O3) — none are alloys.

The three defining features — a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and paired pharyngeal gill slits (plus a post-anal tail) — are the diagnostic characters of phylum Chordata. Annelida and Arthropoda have a ventral solid nerve cord and no notochord; Platyhelminthes are acoelomate flatworms with a ladder-like nervous system.

A web browser is a software which reads and interprets HTML codes to display web pages made on the internet. It does so by reading the URL of the HTML page and decrypting it to understandable language. Chrome, Firefox are examples of browser.

The vacuum (thermos) flask was invented by Scottish chemist-physicist Sir James Dewar in 1892 for low-temperature research; hence its other name, the Dewar flask. Ray Tomlinson invented email, Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web, and William Cullen demonstrated early artificial refrigeration.

After Iltutmish's death in 1236, his nominated daughter Raziya (Razia Sultana) ascended the throne of Delhi following the brief, ineffective rule of her half-brother Rukn-ud-din Firuz. She was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate (1236–1240). The other names are not historical rulers.

India won a total of 2 medals at the Rio 2016 Olympics: a silver by P.V. Sindhu in badminton (women's singles) and a bronze by Sakshi Malik in wrestling (women's freestyle 58 kg). No gold was won.

By the Law of Variable Proportions, the Average Product first rises (due to specialisation and better use of the fixed factor), reaches a maximum where it meets the Marginal Product curve, and then falls (diminishing returns). This rise-peak-fall trajectory traces an inverted or inverse U shape.

The ovaries are the primary female sex organs (gonads). They produce the female gamete (ovum) through oogenesis and secrete the ovarian steroid hormones — chiefly estrogen and progesterone. The uterus and cervix are accessory reproductive organs, and the clitoris is an external genital structure; none produce ova or ovarian hormones.

Let B's pay be \(x\). Then A's pay is \(1.5x\). \[x + 1.5x = 750 \implies 2.5x = 750 \implies x = 300\] Therefore B is paid Rs. 300 (and A gets Rs. 450).

After an 80% markup and a 20% discount, the net effect on the cost price is: \[SP = CP \times 1.80 \times 0.80 = 450 \times 1.44 = 648\] The selling price is Rs. 648.

For reflection in the horizontal line \(y = c\), the x-coordinate is unchanged and the y-coordinate becomes \(2c - y_1\). With \((x_1, y_1) = (5, -2)\) and \(c = -1\): \[y' = 2(-1) - (-2) = 0\] Hence the image is (5, 0).

Step 1 — Find the common difference: \[a_6 - a_3 = 3d \implies 37 - 19 = 3d \implies d = 6\] Step 2 — Use the gap from the 3rd term to the 13th: \[a_{13} = a_3 + 10d = 19 + 10(6) = 79\] The 13th term is 79.

Compare CP and SP for the LCM (60 bananas): \[CP = \tfrac{50}{12}\times 60 = 250,\quad SP = \tfrac{40}{5}\times 60 = 480\] \[\text{Gain }\% = \frac{480 - 250}{250}\times 100 = \frac{230}{250}\times 100 = 92\%\] The gain is 92%.

In right-angled \(\triangle XYZ\) (right angle at Y), ZX is the hypotenuse and YZ is the side adjacent to \(\angle Z\). Therefore: \[\cos Z = \frac{YZ}{ZX} \implies YZ = ZX\cos 60^\circ = 3\sqrt{3}\times \tfrac{1}{2} = \tfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\] Hence \(YZ = \dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\) cm.

Estimate: \(48 \times 28 = 1344\) and \(48 \times 29 = 1392\). Since 1344 ≤ 1359 < 1392, the quotient is 28 with remainder \(1359 - 1344 = 15\).

Step 1 — Convert combined time: \(6.25 = \tfrac{25}{4}\) days, so combined rate \(=\tfrac{4}{25}\). Step 2 — Equation for C: \[\tfrac{1}{10}+\tfrac{1}{50}+\tfrac{1}{C}=\tfrac{4}{25}\] Step 3 — Solve: \[\tfrac{6}{50}+\tfrac{1}{C}=\tfrac{8}{50}\implies \tfrac{1}{C}=\tfrac{2}{50}=\tfrac{1}{25}\] Therefore C alone takes 25 days.

Let foot distance \(=d\) km; bicycle distance \(=50-d\). Total-time equation: \[\tfrac{d}{5}+\tfrac{50-d}{7}=8\] Multiply by 35: \[7d+5(50-d)=280\implies 2d+250=280\implies d=15\] Check: \(15/5+35/7=3+5=8\) hr. Therefore foot distance is 15 km.

Step 1 — Work visas: 2015: \(4500\times 32\%=1440\). 2016: \(3000\times 60\%=1800\). Step 2 — Percentage increase: \[\tfrac{1800-1440}{1440}\times 100=\tfrac{360}{1440}\times 100=25\%\] Therefore the increase is 25%.

Multiply both sides by LCM 30 to clear fractions: \[10\!\left(\tfrac{12x}{5}-\tfrac{1}{2}\right)+36=35\] \[24x-5+36=35\implies 24x=4\implies x=\tfrac{1}{6}\] Therefore \(x=\tfrac{1}{6}\).

Let the fraction be \(x\). Then \(2x+\tfrac{5}{x}=7\). Multiply by \(x\): \[2x^2-7x+5=0\implies (2x-5)(x-1)=0\] So \(x=\tfrac{5}{2}\) or \(x=1\). Among the options, only \(\tfrac{5}{2}\) appears. Therefore the fraction is 5/2.

Use \(a^3-b^3=(a-b)^3+3ab(a-b)\). Substitute \(a-b=10\) and \(ab=-21\): \[a^3-b^3=10^3+3(-21)(10)=1000-630=370\] Therefore \(a^3-b^3=\mathbf{370}\).

For 2 years, \(CI=P\left[\left(1+\tfrac{R}{100}\right)^2-1\right]\). With \(R=8\%\): \((1.08)^2-1=0.1664\). \(P=\tfrac{4160}{0.1664}=25000\) Therefore the sum invested is Rs. 25000.

Centroid \(G=\left(\tfrac{x_A+x_B+x_C}{3},\tfrac{y_A+y_B+y_C}{3}\right)\). x: \(-1=\tfrac{-3+3+x_C}{3}\implies x_C=-3\). y: \(4=\tfrac{-1+5+y_C}{3}\implies y_C=8\). Therefore C is (-3, 8).

Let new average \(=A\); old average \(=A-4\). Runs equation: \[12(A-4)+95=13A\] \[12A-48+95=13A\implies A=47\] Therefore the average after the 13th match is 47.

For \(Ax+By=C\), slope \(=-\tfrac{A}{B}\). Here \(-\tfrac{a}{3}=-\tfrac{2}{3}\), so \(a=2\). Therefore a = 2.

For continued proportion of four terms, \(\tfrac{35+x}{115+x}=\tfrac{53+x}{165+x}\). Cross-multiply: \[(35+x)(165+x)=(115+x)(53+x)\] \[5775+200x=6095+168x\implies 32x=320\implies x=10\] Check: 45/125 = 63/175 = 9/25. Therefore x = 10.

Using \(\sec^2\theta-\tan^2\theta=1\): \[\tan^2\theta=\left(\tfrac{13}{12}\right)^2-1=\tfrac{169-144}{144}=\tfrac{25}{144}\] So \(\tan\theta=\tfrac{5}{12}\), and \(\cot\theta=\tfrac{12}{5}\). Therefore cot θ = 12/5.

Work visas \(=\) total × %: 2011: 2400; 2012: 2275; 2013: 1400; 2014: 1650; 2015: 1440; 2016: 1800. Year-on-year increases occur only in 2014 (1650 > 1400) and 2016 (1800 > 1440). Therefore the count is 2.

Using standard values \(\sin 30^\circ=\tfrac{1}{2}\) and \(\cos 30^\circ=\tfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\): \[\sin 30^\circ+2\cos 30^\circ=\tfrac{1}{2}+\sqrt{3}=\tfrac{1+2\sqrt{3}}{2}\] Therefore the value is (1 + 2√3)/2.

Sum of total visas from the table for 2012–2015: \[3500+2000+3000+4500=13000\] Therefore the total is 13000.

Step 1 — Find the other side using Pythagoras: \[w^2 = 26^2 - 10^2 = 676 - 100 = 576 \implies w = 24 \text{ cm}\] Step 2 — Compute area: \[\text{Area} = 10 \times 24 = 240 \text{ sq cm}\] Therefore the area is 240 sq cm.

Step 1 — Work visas issued each year (Total × %): \[2011: 4000\times0.60=2400,\ 2012: 3500\times0.65=2275,\ 2013: 2000\times0.70=1400\] \[2014: 3000\times0.55=1650,\ 2015: 4500\times0.32=1440,\ 2016: 3000\times0.60=1800\] Step 2 — Apply 10% unused for 2011: \(2400\times0.90=2160\). Step 3 — Total used: \(2160+2275+1400+1650+1440+1800=10725\). Therefore 10725 people used work visas.

Since \(DE \parallel BC\), \(\triangle ADE \sim \triangle ABC\) with ratio \(\dfrac{AD}{AB}=\dfrac{2}{2+3}=\dfrac{2}{5}\). By the area ratio of similar triangles: \[\frac{[\triangle ADE]}{[\triangle ABC]}=\left(\frac{2}{5}\right)^2=\frac{4}{25}\] \[[\triangle ADE]=100\times\tfrac{4}{25}=16 \text{ sq cm}\] Therefore \([BDEC]=100-16=\mathbf{84}\) sq cm.

Redundant means superfluous or no longer needed. Among the options, Unnecessary (not needed) carries the same sense. Dearth and Paucity both mean scarcity — the opposite idea — and Absence means non-existence, not excess. Hence the synonym is Unnecessary.

Dissension means disagreement or conflict within a group. Its antonym must convey agreement or peace. Bickering, Controversy, and Strife are all synonyms denoting dispute. Only Harmony — accord and peaceful agreement — is the direct opposite.

The error is in part (2): "interior their" misuses interior as a preposition. Interior is a noun or adjective, never a preposition. The correct word indicating placement inside their home is the preposition into (or inside): "… one by one, into their little warm home."

For a deduction about a past state, the structure is modal + have + past participle: "must have been". "Must been" and "must has been" are ungrammatical (modals take the bare infinitive, not a finite form). "Must being" is also wrong. Hence the correct replacement is Have been: "He must have been overwhelmed with the responsibility."

Virulent specifically describes a disease or poison that is extremely severe, harmful, or highly infectious in its effects — an exact match for the clue. Innocuous and Inoffensive mean harmless (opposite sense); Naive refers to inexperience and is unrelated. Hence the answer is Virulent.

The word means "not disturbed; calm" and is formed by adding un- to the base ruffled, which keeps its double f and the vowel u. Hence the correct spelling is unruffled. The other options misspell either the vowel (a for u) or the consonant (single f).

Salience is the noun form of salient and denotes the quality of standing out or being prominent — i.e., particularly noticeable. Frivolous (lacking seriousness), Immaterial (irrelevant), and Trivial (unimportant) all suggest the opposite — being easily overlooked. Hence the answer is Salience.

The error is in part (3): "was back them" is ungrammatical. The intended meaning requires either "was backing them" (supporting) or "was behind them" (supporting/located behind). Parts (1) and (2) are grammatically sound, so the mistake lies only in the verb construction of part (3).

The passage describes using a mask and breathing tube, the instruction to breathe through the mouth (to prevent the mask from fogging), peering at underwater life like clown fish and sea anemones, and explicitly mentions "snorkelers". These are the defining features of snorkelling. Fishing involves catching fish; a boat ride stays on the surface; long-distance swimming focuses on endurance, not underwater observation.

Reporting a negative imperative uses: reporting verb + object + not to + base verb. "Commanded" is transitive and takes the object directly (no "to" before the child); the "Don't" becomes "not to". Option 1 keeps "don't make"; Options 2 and 4 wrongly insert "to" before the child. Only Option 3 — "The coach commanded the child not to make the water muddy" — is correct.

Bifurcate means to split or divide into two branches. Its antonym must convey joining or merging. Ramify (form branches) and Furcate (fork) are synonyms; Diverge (move apart) is also similar in sense. Only Combine — to unite into one — is the true opposite.

The passage's instructor rule states: "Breathe through your mouth, not your nose; else the mask will fog up." Breathing through the nose releases warm, moist air that condenses on the lens. Hence the mask is kept clear by breathing through the mouth. Options 3 and 4 are not mentioned, and Option 1 includes nose-breathing, which causes fogging.

The passage lists canary-yellow fish, sea horses and parrot fish among the creatures the writer sees, but describes a shoal of vibrant blue fish, not vibrant green. Hence vibrant green fish is the only item the writer did not see.

The idiom get up on the wrong side of the bed means to be irritable or grumpy from the moment one wakes, with that mood lingering through the day. Option 2 — start the day in a bad mood, which continues all day long — captures this exactly. A sleepless night or a bad decision are not part of the idiom's meaning.

Y ("simple appearance is where") must follow the opener "Now the first and most" to complete the noun phrase "the first and most simple appearance." X ("strata of marine origin occur above the") then describes that appearance, and Z ("level of the sea in horizontal position") completes "above the level of the sea." The coherent order is YXZ.

The active sentence is in the simple past ("read" = V2). The passive form for simple past is: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject. Applying this: "The entire novel was read by my daughter in one day." Options 1 and 4 use wrong tenses (present/present perfect); option 2 remains active.

The passage says "I was in Nemo's universe," immediately followed by a list of sea creatures including clown fish. The reference is to Nemo, the clownfish character associated with the underwater world. Hence Nemo is a name of an underwater animal. The writer uses "I" for himself, and the instructor is unnamed.

The blank requires a noun meaning "answer to a problem." Solution carries this exact sense — "a solution to the national problem." Solvent and solute are chemistry terms for dissolving substances; mixture denotes a physical combination, not a resolution.

An inhibitor is something that hinders or prevents a process. Among the options, avoidance — the act of preventing or keeping away from something — is closest in sense. Advocate is an opposite (a supporter); subsidy and compensation denote financial transfers, unrelated to hindering.

The passage warns snorkelers to "resist opening their mouth wide in amazement; the tube would fall off!" The mouthpiece's seal breaks when the mouth opens wide. Hence the risk arises when the mouth was opened. Breathing through the nose only fogs the mask; darkness is not mentioned.

To learn by heart means to commit something to memory so thoroughly that it can be recalled without notes — i.e. to memorize something. The other options describe affection, learning from mistakes, or hiding feelings, none of which relate to memorisation.

The blank needs a verb meaning to destroy completely, matching the fear of an enemy attack that wipes out "everything in their path." Incinerate — to burn to ashes — fits. Satiate and quench mean to satisfy hunger or thirst; remedy means to cure, the opposite of destroying.

The original "starts walks" stacks two finite verbs, which is ungrammatical. The verb start takes a gerund (-ing) or infinitive. With the third-person singular subject "She" and a narrative past context, the correct form is started walking: "She started walking without responding."

The plural of analogue (British spelling of analog) is formed by adding -s, giving analogues. The other options (analoges, analogese, analoguese) drop the silent u or attach invented suffixes and are not standard English forms.

Y ("before we woke, to") attaches to the opener and supplies the conjunction "before" plus the infinitive marker "to." X ("find our bearers") completes the infinitive "to find," and Z ("preparing to return") describes the bearers' state. The coherent sentence is "It was three o'clock in the afternoon before we woke, to find our bearers preparing to return" — order YXZ.