SSC CGL 2017 · 2017-08-17 · Shift 2

The pattern links the last letter of each word to the first letter of the next word. Specifically, the first letter of the next word repeats a letter already present in the previous word. isobar → artist (a is in isobar), artist → statute (s in artist), statute → teapot (t in statute), teapot → other (o in teapot), other → erect (e in other). Therefore the missing word is erect.

Step 1 — Track A: A walks 150 m West, then turns left (facing West, left is South) and walks 160 m. Final position: \((-150,\,-160)\). Step 2 — Track B: B walks 140 m East, turns South for 160 m, then turns left (facing South, left is East) and walks 120 m. Total East = \(140+120=260\) m; South = 160 m. Final position: \((260,\,-160)\). Step 3 — B relative to A: Both share the same southward coordinate, so only the East-West gap matters: \(260-(-150)=410\) m, positive (East). Therefore B is 410 m East of A.

Option 3 is the option in which the given figure is embedded.

Step 1 — Substitute operators per the code: + → ×, − → +, × → ÷, ÷ → −. The expression \(45 \times 5 + 2 - 20\) becomes \(45 \div 5 \times 2 + 20\). Step 2 — Apply BODMAS (division and multiplication left to right, then addition): \[45 \div 5 = 9,\quad 9 \times 2 = 18,\quad 18 + 20 = 38\] Therefore the answer is 38.

The boxes weigh 100, 70, 50, 90 kg. Check each option as a subset sum (each box used at most once): 310 = 100 + 70 + 50 + 90 (all four). 260 = 100 + 70 + 90. 210 = 70 + 50 + 90. For 230, no subset works: pairs max at 190; three-box sums are 220, 240, 260, 210; the full sum is 310. So 230 kg is impossible. Therefore the answer is 230.

A strong argument must be directly relevant and significant to the proposal. Argument I ties the punishment to a real public-health/cleanliness concern (spitting dirties public spaces) — this is a relevant, weighty reason and is therefore strong. Argument II rests on personal preference ("Indians love Paan"); liking a product does not justify exempting harmful behaviour in public spaces — this is weak. Hence only argument I is strong.

Step 1 — Days from 30 June to 15 November: July 31 + Aug 31 + Sep 30 + Oct 31 + 15 = \(31+31+30+31+15=138\) days. Step 2 — Odd days: \(138 \bmod 7 = 5\) (since \(7 \times 19 = 133\)). Step 3 — Shift from Friday by 5 days: Sat, Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed. Therefore Samar's birthday falls on Wednesday.

The relationship in 0.04 : 0.2 is that the second number is the square root of the first: \(\sqrt{0.04}=0.2\). Applying the same rule: \(\sqrt{0.09}=\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{100}}=\dfrac{3}{10}=0.3\). Therefore the missing number is 0.3.

Chair, Bench and Sofa are all furniture pieces designed primarily for sitting. A Bed, however, is designed primarily for sleeping/lying down. Hence Bed is the odd one out.

Option 2 cannot be formed, as if the cross line face appears in the front then the square shape face and the hexagon cannot be adjacent to it. Thus, answer is option 2.

Find codes for R, O, A, D and test each option in order. Possible codes: R → 57, 65, 66 (Matrix-II); O → 67, 75, 97 (Matrix-II); A → 02, 32 (Matrix-I); D → 14 (Matrix-I). Check option 3 (66, 67, 02, 14): 66 = R, 67 = O, 02 = A, 14 = D — matches ROAD exactly. Options 1, 2 and 4 start with F, M and C respectively, so they fail at the first letter. Therefore the correct set is 66, 67, 02, 14.

Compare REGAINS with QDFZHMR letter by letter: R→Q, E→D, G→F, A→Z, I→H, N→M, S→R. Each coded letter is the previous letter in the alphabet (shift of −1, with A wrapping to Z). Apply the same −1 shift to PRY: P→O, R→Q, Y→X. So PRY is coded as OQX.

Term lengths grow by 1 each step: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, so the next term has 7 characters. Odd-length terms contain a single O at the centre (XOX has O at position 2 of 3; XXOXX has O at position 3 of 5); even-length terms are all X's. For length 7, the centre is position 4, giving XXXOXXX. Therefore the missing term is XXXOXXX.

The letters available in RECLINES are R, E, C, L, I, N, S (with two E's). The letter A is absent. SINCE (S, I, N, C, E), RELIC (R, E, L, I, C) and LINER (L, I, N, E, R) use only letters present in RECLINES, so each can be formed. SCARE requires the letter A, which is not in RECLINES. Hence SCARE cannot be formed.

Convert each group to alphabet positions and check the gaps between consecutive letters. UXZ → 21, 24, 26 (gaps +3, +2). ORT → 15, 18, 20 (gaps +3, +2). ILN → 9, 12, 14 (gaps +3, +2). Three groups share the pattern +3, +2. CEG → 3, 5, 7 with gaps +2, +2, which breaks the pattern. Hence CEG is the odd one out.

In each row, the middle entry equals the first column minus the third column. Row 2: \(87-9=78\). Row 3: \(103-25=78\). Both match the given middle values. Applying the same rule to Row 1: \(104-57=47\). Hence the missing number is 47.

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Clearly, option 4 is the image of the given figure.

Square → Optometrists Triangle → Painters Circle → Vegetarians Rectangle → Men In order to get the letter which represents the Painter who are either men or vegetarians, the letter(s) should definitely lie in triangle and either in circle or square. E and B satisfy the above criteria, hence, it is the correct answer.

Clearly, the answer will be option 3.

The series is an arithmetic progression. Common difference: \[\tfrac{5}{3}-3=-\tfrac{4}{3},\quad \tfrac{1}{3}-\tfrac{5}{3}=-\tfrac{4}{3}\] So the next term after \(\tfrac{1}{3}\) is: \[\tfrac{1}{3}+\left(-\tfrac{4}{3}\right)=-\tfrac{3}{3}=-1\] Check: \(-1-\tfrac{4}{3}=-\tfrac{7}{3}\), matching the next given term. Hence the missing term is -1.

Within each group, consecutive letters drop by 2 (X, V, T and R, P, N). Between the two groups, each letter shifts back by 6: \(X(24)\to R(18)\), \(V(22)\to P(16)\), \(T(20)\to N(14)\). Apply the same -6 shift to LJH: \(L(12)\to F(6)\), \(J(10)\to D(4)\), \(H(8)\to B(2)\). Hence the answer is FDB.

The relationship is place : people most strongly associated with it. Colleagues are the people one is with at the office. By the same relation, the people one is with at home are one's Family. Friends visit but are not the defining inhabitants; rest and work are activities, not people.

Check the even/odd nature of each number. 75, 65 and 85 all end in 5, so they are odd. 82 ends in 2, making it even. Three of the four numbers are odd; 82 is the lone even number and is therefore the odd one out.

The operator rule is \(a\,@\,b=(a+b)\times 10\). Verify: \((5+1)\times 10=60\), \((12+8)\times 10=200\), \((16+2)\times 10=180\). All match. Apply to 16 @ 10: \((16+10)\times 10=26\times 10=260\). Hence the value is 260.

In binomial nomenclature, a scientific name has two parts: the genus name (capitalised) followed by the specific epithet (lowercase). The specific epithet distinguishes a species within its genus. In Mangifera indica, Solanum tuberosum and Panthera leo, the second words — indica, tuberosum and leo — are the Specific Epithets. "Binomial nomenclature" names the entire system, not the second word, while "taxonomic hierarchy" and "identification" are unrelated concepts.

The Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution distributes legislative subjects across the Union List, State List and Concurrent List. Matters of foreign affairs and international organisations are reserved exclusively for Parliament. "United Nations Organization" appears at Entry 12 of the Union List (List I), ensuring a single national voice on UN-related matters. It does not fall under the State or Concurrent List, and there is no "Global List" in the Schedule.

Verify each statement against the actual authors. Statement 1: Darkness at Noon was written by Arthur Koestler (1940), not Victor LaValle — incorrect. Statement 2: The Great Gatsby (1925) was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald — correct. Statement 3: The Sound and the Fury (1929) was written by William Faulkner, not L. Ron Hubbard — incorrect. Hence the statements that are not correct are 1 and 3.

A production function can be written algebraically as \(Q=f(L,K)\), in a tabular form, or graphically. The graphical alternative used in producer theory is the isoquant — a curve showing all input combinations of labour and capital that yield the same output level. A family of isoquants (an isoquant map) therefore represents the entire production function. "Short run" and "long run" denote time horizons, and "average product" is a measure derived from the function, not a representation of it.

The Human Development Index, published annually by the UNDP, ranks countries on life expectancy, education and per-capita income. In the 2015 Human Development Report, Norway topped the index with rank 1, owing to its high scores across all three dimensions. Norway has held the top HDI position in most recent years, making the other ranks (10, 100, 200) clearly inconsistent with its consistently leading performance.

Storing data in multiple layers within the volume of an optical disc — rather than just on its surface — is the defining feature of 3D optical data storage. The laser is focused at different depths to write and read each layer, multiplying the disc's capacity. The other options (30D, 300D, 3000D) are not recognised storage-technology terms.

By Kepler's First Law, every planet moves in an ellipse with the Sun located at one of the two foci, not at the geometric centre. An ellipse is defined by its two foci such that the sum of distances from any point on the curve to the foci is constant. "Centre" would apply only to a circular orbit; "circumcentre" and "incentre" are properties of triangles and have no role here. Hence the answer is Focus.

Kelvin (K) is the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, with 0 K defined as absolute zero. Density is measured in kg/m³, pressure in pascals (Pa), and mass in kilograms (kg) — none of these use the kelvin. Hence the correct option is Temperature.

The Northern Plain of India is an alluvial plain built by sediments deposited by three Himalayan river systems: the Indus in the west, the Ganga in the centre, and the Brahmaputra in the east (Assam plain). Krishna, Kaveri and Mahanadi are peninsular rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal and have no role in forming the Northern Plain. Hence the missing system is the Brahmaputra.

BIMSTEC has seven members: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand — five from South Asia and two from Southeast Asia, all linked by the Bay of Bengal littoral. Thailand, Myanmar and India are members; Pakistan is not part of BIMSTEC (it is a SAARC member). Hence the answer is Pakistan.

The present red-sandstone Agra Fort was built by Mughal emperor Akbar, who began its reconstruction in 1565 on the site of the older Lodi brick fort "Badalgarh". Babur only occupied the earlier Lodi fort; Jahangir resided there with minor additions; Shah Jahan added the later white-marble structures (Khas Mahal, Moti Masjid). The original builder is therefore Akbar.

The Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM), launched on 21 February 2016 by the Ministry of Rural Development, aims to develop 300 rural clusters ("Rurban" clusters / smart villages) by providing economic, social and infrastructure amenities. Soil Health Card targets soil nutrient management, PM Fasal Bima Yojana is a crop-insurance scheme, and PM Rojgar Yojana focuses on self-employment for youth — none aim at cluster-based smart-village development. Hence the answer is Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission.

The 2017 Formula One Chinese Grand Prix was held on 9 April 2017 at the Shanghai International Circuit. Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes) won, finishing ahead of Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari) and Max Verstappen (Red Bull). It was Hamilton's second win of the 2017 season and contributed to his fourth World Championship title that year. Hence the winner is Lewis Hamilton.

Willem Einthoven, a Dutch physiologist, invented the first practical electrocardiograph using a string galvanometer in 1903 and was awarded the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for it. Edward Jenner pioneered the smallpox vaccine, Antonio de Ulloa (with Charles Wood) first described platinum, and Karl Benz pioneered the automobile — none are connected with the ECG. Hence the inventor is Willem Einthoven.

Under the Fourth Schedule of the Constitution, Rajya Sabha seats are allotted state-wise by population. Punjab is allotted 7 Rajya Sabha seats, elected by the members of the Punjab Legislative Assembly through proportional representation by the single transferable vote. Hence the correct option is 7.

The chemical process in which iron reacts with atmospheric oxygen and moisture to form hydrated iron(III) oxide is specifically called rusting: \[4\text{Fe} + 3\text{O}_2 + n\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 \cdot n\text{H}_2\text{O}\] Crystallisation is a physical process of forming ordered solids from a solution; "shovel" and "spade" are digging tools, not processes. Hence the answer is Rusting.

Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, autotrophic organisms with a simple thalloid body (no true roots, stems or leaves), and they are largely aquatic — occurring in both fresh-water and marine habitats. Bryophytes are amphibians of the plant kingdom (moist terrestrial, not largely aquatic); pteridophytes and gymnosperms are vascular land plants with differentiated bodies. Hence the correct option is Algae.

The stratospheric ozone (\(\text{O}_3\)) layer absorbs most of the sun's harmful UV-B and UV-C radiation, acting as Earth's protective shield. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) deplete this shield rather than form it; the "ozone hole" is a region of depletion, not the shield itself; greenhouse gases trap infrared (heat), not UV. Hence the answer is Ozone.

The Charminar, built in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, stands in the old city of Hyderabad (capital of Telangana) on the east bank of the Musi River. Pune is known for Shaniwar Wada, Delhi for the Red Fort and Qutub Minar, and Aurangabad for Bibi Ka Maqbara — none house the Charminar. Hence the answer is Hyderabad.

At the 58th Annual Grammy Awards (15 February 2016), the Record of the Year went to "Uptown Funk" by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars. "Thinking Out Loud" won Song of the Year (not Record), "Blank Space" by Taylor Swift and "Really Love" by D'Angelo were nominees only. Hence the correct option is Uptown Funk.

In early medieval India (post-Gupta, 7th century onwards), powerful landlords and warrior chiefs who acknowledged the overlordship of a king in return for land and titles were called Samantas. They supplied troops, paid tribute, and attended the royal court; senior ones bore titles like "Maha-Samanta". Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas were ruling dynasties (not a general designation), and Brahmanas were a varna of priests/scholars. Hence the answer is Samantas.

India had 28 states until 2 June 2014, when Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh as the 29th state. No further state was created or removed before June 2017, so as of June 2017 India had 29 states (and 7 union territories). The reduction back to 28 states came only in October 2019, when Jammu & Kashmir was reorganised into UTs. Hence the answer is 29.

Bilateral symmetry means the body can be divided into mirror-image left and right halves by exactly one plane (the sagittal plane running head to tail). Annelids (earthworms, leeches) and arthropods (insects, crabs, spiders) show this body plan, with a defined anterior/posterior end and dorsal/ventral side. Radially symmetric animals like Coelenterata (jellyfish, hydra) and Ctenophora (comb jellies) have multiple planes of symmetry through a central axis, not just one — so those options are ruled out.

The real exchange rate measures the relative price of foreign goods in terms of domestic goods. It is given by \(\varepsilon = \dfrac{e \cdot P^*}{P}\), where \(e\) is the nominal rate, \(P^*\) the foreign price level and \(P\) the domestic price level. The nominal rate only converts currency to currency; a fixed rate is a policy regime, not a price-of-goods measure; “artificial” is not a standard term. Hence Real is correct.

Experimentally, the coefficient of static friction is greater than the coefficient of kinetic (sliding) friction: \(\mu_s > \mu_k\). For the same normal force \(N\), the maximum static friction \(\mu_s N\) exceeds the sliding friction \(\mu_k N\). That is why a heavier push is needed to start a box moving than to keep it sliding. Therefore sliding friction is smaller than static friction.

Step 1 — Find sinθ: \(\sin\theta = \dfrac{1}{\operatorname{cosec}\theta} = \dfrac{8}{17}\) Step 2 — Apply the Pythagorean identity: \[\cos^2\theta = 1 - \sin^2\theta = 1 - \dfrac{64}{289} = \dfrac{225}{289}\] Step 3 — Take the positive root (acute angle, since cosecθ is positive): \(\cos\theta = \dfrac{15}{17}\)

Discount = MP − SP = 4800 − 4200 = Rs 600. \[\text{Discount }\% = \dfrac{600}{4800}\times 100 = \dfrac{1}{8}\times 100 = 12.5\%\] Therefore the discount offered is 12.5%.

Reflection across the horizontal line \(y=k\) keeps \(x\) fixed and sends \(y \to 2k-y\). With \(k=1\) and the point \((4,-3)\): \[(x',y') = (4,\; 2(1)-(-3)) = (4,\;5)\] The point (4,−3) lies 4 units below y = 1, so its image lies 4 units above, giving (4, 5).

∵ GDP of A = 30, GDP of C = 70 and GDP of F = 50 Total GDP of A, C and F = 150 GDP of E = 90 Respective ratio = 90/150 = 3 : 5 ∴ The ratio of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Country E to Total of GDPs of countries A, C and F taken together = 3 : 5

Total GDP of All countries = 30 + 70 + 100 + 90 + 20 + 50 = 360 Let GDP before 10 years = X This has grown by 50% in 10 years X + 0.5X = 360 ⇒ 1.5X = 360 ⇒ X = 360/1.5 ⇒ X = 240 ∴ combined annual Gross Domestic Product (in billion USD) before 10 years = $ 240 billon

Step 1 — Remaining quantity: 10% of 800 kg = 80 kg damaged, leaving 720 kg saleable. Step 2 — Required total revenue for 30% profit: \[\text{SP}_{\text{total}} = 7200 \times 1.30 = 9360\] Step 3 — Rate per kg: \[\text{Rate} = \dfrac{9360}{720} = 13\;\text{Rs/kg}\] Therefore he must sell at Rs 13/kg.

For similar triangles, the ratio of areas equals the square of the ratio of corresponding sides: \[\dfrac{[\triangle ABC]}{[\triangle PQR]} = \left(\dfrac{AB}{PQ}\right)^2 = \dfrac{121}{64}\] Taking the square root: \(\dfrac{AB}{PQ} = \dfrac{11}{8}\). With \(PQ = 12\): \[AB = \dfrac{11}{8}\times 12 = \dfrac{132}{8} = 16.5\;\text{cm}\] Therefore AB = 16.5 cm.

∵ GDP of A = 30 and GDP of F = 50 Difference = 50 - 30 = 20 ∴ Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Country A lesser than that of Country F = $ 20 billion

Step 1 — Passing marks: Student scored 82 and fell short by 23, so pass mark = 82 + 23 = 105. Step 2 — Relate to maximum marks M (105 is 35% of M): \[0.35\,M = 105 \implies M = \dfrac{105}{0.35} = 300\] Therefore the maximum marks are 300.

Area of a rhombus equals half the product of its diagonals: \[A = \tfrac{1}{2} d_1 d_2 = \tfrac{1}{2}\times 25 \times 20 = 250\;\text{sq cm}\] Therefore the area is 250 sq cm.

The GDP in decreasing order is B > E > C > F > A > D ∴ Third largest is C

Step 1 — Find ∠X: Angles sum to 180°, so \(\angle X = 180^\circ - 90^\circ - 60^\circ = 30^\circ\). Step 2 — Evaluate sec X: \(\sec 30^\circ = \dfrac{1}{\cos 30^\circ} = \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\). Step 3 — Multiply: \[\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\sec X = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}} = \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{6}}\] Therefore the value is 2/√6.

Let the numbers be a, b, c with average 112, so \(a+b+c = 336\). Given \(a = \tfrac{1}{6}(b+c)\), i.e. \(b+c = 6a\). Substitute: \[a + 6a = 336 \implies 7a = 336 \implies a = 48\] Therefore the first number is 48.

The fare ratio rises 11 : 13, so 11 parts correspond to the original Rs 12100. Value of one part: \[1\;\text{part} = \dfrac{12100}{11} = 1100\] The increase is \(13-11 = 2\) parts: \[\text{Increase} = 2\times 1100 = \text{Rs }2200\] Therefore the fare rises by Rs 2200.

Distribute and simplify: \[5x - \tfrac{1}{2}(2x-7) = 5x - x + \tfrac{7}{2} = 4x + \tfrac{7}{2}\] Set equal to 5.5 = 11/2: \[4x + \tfrac{7}{2} = \tfrac{11}{2} \implies 4x = 2 \implies x = \tfrac{1}{2}\] Therefore x = 1/2.

Let T divide SU in ratio \(m_1 : m_2\). The y-coordinate of T is 0, so by the section formula: \[0 = \dfrac{m_1(-2) + m_2(1)}{m_1 + m_2} \implies -2m_1 + m_2 = 0 \implies m_2 = 2m_1\] Hence \(m_1 : m_2 = 1 : 2\). (Check: x-coordinate = (1·(−1)+2·5)/3 = 3, so T = (3, 0).) Therefore the ratio is 1 : 2.

A line meets the Y-axis where \(x=0\). Substituting in \(3x+2y=12\): \[3(0)+2y=12 \implies y=6\] So the line cuts the Y-axis at (0, 6).

Write the factors symmetrically about 10000: \[9991\times 10009=(10000-9)(10000+9)\] Apply the difference-of-squares identity \((a-b)(a+b)=a^2-b^2\): \[=10000^2-9^2=100000000-81=99999919\] Therefore the product is 99999919.

Let the number be \(x\). The condition gives: \[x+\frac{4}{x}=5 \implies x^2-5x+4=0\] Factor: \((x-1)(x-4)=0\), so \(x=1\) or \(x=4\). Among the options, only 4 appears. Check: \(4+\frac{4}{4}=4+1=5\).

Step 1 — Common difference: \[d=\frac{a_8-a_3}{8-3}=\frac{2-(-13)}{5}=3\] Step 2 — Use term gap to find the 14th term: \[a_{14}=a_8+(14-8)d=2+6(3)=20\] Hence the 14th term is 20.

In compound interest, the amount at the end of year 2 acts as the principal for year 3. The interest earned in the 3rd year is: \[2268-2100=168\] This is the simple interest on Rs. 2100 for 1 year at rate \(R\%\): \[R=\frac{168\times 100}{2100\times 1}=8\] So the rate is 8%.

Convert the speed to m/s using \(1\text{ km/hr}=\tfrac{5}{18}\text{ m/s}\): \[810\times\frac{5}{18}=225\text{ m/s}\] Distance covered in \(\tfrac{1}{5}\) second: \[225\times\frac{1}{5}=45\text{ m}\] Therefore the spaceship travels 45 metres.

Use the identity \(a^3+b^3=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)\). Substitute \(a+b=4\) and \(ab=-5\): \[a^3+b^3=4^3-3(-5)(4)=64+60=124\] So \(a^3+b^3=\) 124.

Step 1 — Individual times for the full job: A does \(\tfrac{1}{3}\) in 3 days, so A finishes in 9 days. B does \(\tfrac{1}{2}\) in 9 days, so B finishes in 18 days. Step 2 — Combined rate: \[\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{18}=\frac{2+1}{18}=\frac{1}{6}\text{ per day}\] Step 3 — Time for half the job: \[\frac{1/2}{1/6}=3\text{ days}\] Hence they finish half the job in 3 days.

Use standard values \(\tan 60^\circ=\sqrt{3}\) and \(\operatorname{cosec} 60^\circ=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\). \[\tan 60^\circ+\operatorname{cosec} 60^\circ=\sqrt{3}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3+2}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{5}{\sqrt{3}}\] So the value is \(\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{3}}\).

The blank must describe a quality that contrasts with the "wacky" family yet aligns with the girl being "sensible" and feeling like the odd one out. Sane means of sound, rational mind — a direct synonym of sensible and the natural opposite of wacky. "Insane" contradicts "sensible"; "vain" (excessively proud) and "main" (principal) do not fit the contrast. Hence the answer is sane.

The error is in part (3) "tucked down him". The preposition "down" is wrong here; when legs are folded while sitting, they are tucked under (or beneath) the body. The correct phrasing is "tucked under him" or "tucked under himself". Parts (1) and (2) — "Pravin sat up on the" and "sofa, with his legs" — are grammatically sound, so (3) carries the error.

The active sentence is in the present continuous tense ("is making"). The passive form follows the pattern: object + am/is/are + being + past participle + by + subject. The object "all the reservations" is plural, so we use "are being made". This gives "All the reservations are being made by the travel agent." Option 1 uses singular "is" with a plural subject; options 2 and 4 change the tense and the noun.

The construction "the more..., the ____" demands a comparative form in the second clause to show parallel change. The comparative of "good" is better, giving "the more you do it, the better your stamina". "Best" is superlative, "good" is the positive form, and "too good" is not comparative — none fit the structure.

The verb "throttle" has a double t (the single-syllable base ends in a short vowel + consonant, so the consonant doubles before "-ed"). Its past tense is therefore throttled. "Throtled" and "Throtlede" drop a t; "Throttlede" adds a stray e. Only Throttled is correct.

Finding the Best Substitute for 'Same Words Originally' This question asks us to identify the single word that best replaces the phrase "In exactly the same words as were used originally". We need a word that means repeating something word-for-word, without any changes from the original. Understanding the Phrase's Meaning The core meaning we are looking for involves: Using the exact same vocabulary. Preserving the original wording precisely. No alterations or paraphrasing allowed. Think of it as copying something directly, maintaining the original sequence and choice of words. Analyzing the Word Options Let's look at the meaning of each option provided: 1. Verbatim: This adverb means "in exactly the same words; word for word". It directly matches the definition required by the phrase "In exactly the same words as were used originally". 2. Offbeat: This adjective describes something unusual, unconventional, or eccentric. It does not relate to the manner of using words. 3. Divergent: This adjective means tending to be different or develop differently; differing from each other. It implies variation, not exact replication. 4. Contrary: This adjective means opposite or opposed to something. It suggests a difference or disagreement, the opposite of repeating something faithfully. Selecting the Correct Substitute Based on the analysis, 'Verbatim' is the only option that perfectly captures the meaning of repeating something "In exactly the same words as were used originally". The other options (Offbeat, Divergent, Contrary) describe different concepts entirely.

After the modal auxiliary "will" (in "you'll"), the main verb must be in its base form. The base form of the verb here is gain, giving "you'll gain strength...". "Gaining" is the -ing form, "gained" is the past participle, and "to gain" is the infinitive — none follow "will" directly.

The idiom "to bite off more than you can chew" figuratively means to take on a task or commitment that is too big or too difficult for one's abilities or resources. Option 3 — "to have tried to do something which is too difficult" — directly captures this sense. Option 1 refers to literal overeating, Option 2 to social misconduct, and Option 4 to a missed opportunity — none match the idiom.

The context — a hungry orphan secretly taking tiny amounts of food — calls for a verb meaning to steal small things stealthily. Pilfer means exactly that: to steal items of little value, especially in small quantities. "Prefer" (to like better) and "differ" (to be unlike) are unrelated to taking; "lifter" is a noun, not a verb. Hence pilfer fits the blank.

The phrase "out of print" is a publishing term meaning a book is no longer being produced or sold by its publisher — usually because demand has dropped or the title has been discontinued. Option 2 — "A book no longer available from the publisher" — captures this exactly. Option 1 describes a temporary paper shortage, Option 3 describes censorship/omission, and Option 4 describes a rejected manuscript — none match the idiom.

The opener "But this does not mean" needs a that-clause. Z ("that the reference of mental") supplies it. The noun phrase "reference of mental" is incomplete and is completed by X ("phenomena to the body") — giving "the reference of mental phenomena to the body". Y ("is a meaningless expression") then provides the predicate. Reading in full: "But this does not mean that the reference of mental phenomena to the body is a meaningless expression." Hence the order is ZXY.

A modal verb like would must be followed by the base form of an auxiliary or main verb — not by the bare -ing form. To express a hypothetical ongoing action, the structure is modal + be + verb-ing. So "would doing" is ungrammatical; the correct form is "would be doing": "What would the cavalry be doing out here?" "Be done" (passive) and bare "done" do not fit the active continuous sense.

Indict means to formally accuse someone of a serious crime. Its opposite is therefore a word meaning to clear someone of charges. Exonerate means to officially absolve from blame or accusation — the precise antonym. "Arraign" and "impeach" are also forms of accusation (synonyms, not antonyms), and "censure" means to express strong disapproval, not to clear. Hence Exonerate is correct.

Piquancy denotes a pleasantly sharp, stimulating quality — most often the tang or zest of a flavour. Among the choices, Flavouring is the only option in the same semantic field of taste and added flavour. "Bland" and "Insipid" mean lacking flavour — antonyms, not synonyms. "Tedious" means boring and is unrelated to taste. Hence Flavouring is the closest match.

The word means to act indecisively or hesitate. Its standard spelling is Dithering — "Dith-er-ing" (no double 'e' after 'th', and 'Di-' not 'De-'). "Ditheering" and "Detheering" wrongly insert an extra 'e'; "Dethering" uses the wrong opening vowel. Hence option 3, Dithering, is correctly spelt.

The verb "drip" indicates a source from which liquid falls, and the correct preposition for source/origin is from, not of. Water drips from the trees, not of them. Parts (1) and (3) are grammatically sound. The error lies in part (2) — "of the trees" should read "from the trees".

"Having to" expresses obligation ("I'm having to work late"), which makes no sense with "too much fun". The intended meaning is the present-continuous experience of enjoyment — "I am having fun". "Had" and "has" cannot follow "I'm" (I am). Therefore the bracketed part should be improved to having: "I'm having too much fun."

A sceptic is a person who habitually questions or doubts accepted opinions and demands evidence before accepting claims — exactly matching the given description. "Adherent" and "Disciple" denote followers who accept beliefs; a "Zealot" is a fanatical believer who is uncompromising rather than doubting. Hence Sceptic is the correct substitute.

Sentence Reordering: Children Are Sensitive (XYZ) The correct order is XYZ. Stem and Fragments Stem: "Children are sensitive" (the fixed opening) X: "to what happens around them and are" Y: "enthusiastic about working on" Z: "plays that reflect their lives" Logical Reconstruction — X → Y → Z X first: The stem ends with "sensitive" and X provides the natural complement: "to what happens around them and are" — 'sensitive to what happens around them' is a standard collocation. X also ends with 'and are', bridging into Y. Y second: Y reads "enthusiastic about working on" — completing 'and are enthusiastic about working on', leading into the object in Z. Z third: Z reads "plays that reflect their lives" — specifying what they are enthusiastic about working on. Full Sentence (XYZ) "Children are sensitive to what happens around them and are enthusiastic about working on plays that reflect their lives." Correct Answer: XYZ (Option 2)

Converting direct to indirect speech: "said to" becomes told; the conjunction that introduces the reported clause; the first-person pronoun I changes to he (referring to the original speaker); and present-tense have back-shifts to past-tense had after the past reporting verb. This yields: "He told the dentist that he had a toothache." Option 3 applies all four changes correctly; the others fail on pronoun, tense, or both.

The subject "The Trikonasana" is third-person singular, and the preceding verb "stimulates" is in the simple present. Parallel structure with "and" requires the blank to take the same tense and agreement. "Given" (past participle), "gave" (past), and "to give" (infinitive) all break parallelism. Only gives matches: "...stimulates the function of the entire body and gives a lateral stretch..."

The subject “All standing poses” is plural, and the sentence states a general fact in the simple present. Plural subjects in the simple present take the bare base form of the verb, so the correct choice is build. “Built” is past tense; “building” needs an auxiliary (is/are); “to build” is an infinitive and cannot serve as the main verb here.

A savant is a person of profound learning — an accomplished expert. Its opposite is therefore someone unskilled or inexpert. Amateur, in its sense of an inexperienced or non-expert practitioner, is the correct antonym. "Academic", "Pundit", and "Egghead" are all synonyms denoting learned or intellectual people — not opposites. Hence Amateur is correct.

The blank requires a conjunction linking regular practice with the intended outcome (getting stronger and more stable). The phrase "so that" introduces a purpose/result clause, which fits perfectly: "engage regularly, so that you get stronger...". "If that", "of that" and "to that" are not grammatical conjunctional phrases in this context. Hence the answer is so.

Confront means to approach or face someone, often boldly or in challenge. Accost means to approach and address someone boldly or aggressively — a direct synonym. "Avoid" and "Dodge" mean to keep away from (opposites), and "Yield" means to surrender. Hence the synonym is To Accost.